今天给各位分享english装饰画的知识,其中也会对style 和 fashion 的区别进行解释,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,别忘了关注本站,现在开始吧!
style
[stail]
n.
风格,时尚,文体,风度,类型,字体
vt.
称呼,设计,使合潮流
使铁笔作装饰画
style
style
AHD:[stºl]
D.J.[sta!l]
K.K.[sta!l]
n.(名词)
Thewayinwhichsomethingissaid,done,expressed,orperformed:
风格:说话、做事、表达及表演的一种方法:
astyleofspeechandwriting.
演讲与写作的风格
Thecombinationofdistinctivefeaturesofliteraryorartisticexpression,execution,orperformancecharacterizingaparticularperson,group,school,orera.
独特的风格,体裁:一个人、一群人、流派或一个时代的文学与艺术表达、其作品特征的总和
Sort;type:
类,类型:
astyleoffurniture.
家具种类
Aqualityofimaginationandindividualityexpressedinone'sactionsandtastes:
作风:一个人的行为及品位所表现出的想象及个体之特性:
doesthingswithstyle.
做事很有个性
Acomfortableandelegantmodeofexistence:
体面:舒适优雅的生活方式:
livinginstyle.
过着豪华的生活
Amodeofliving:
生活方式:
thestyleoftheveryrich.
巨富们的生活方式
Thefashionofthemoment,especiallyofdress;vogue.
时髦:尤指衣服之款式;流行
Aparticularfashion:
一种特定的款式:
thestyleofthe1920's.SeeSynonymsatfashion
20世纪20年代的流行款式参见fashion
Acustomarymannerofpresentingprintedmaterial,includingusage,punctuation,spelling,typography,andarrangement.
体例:印刷时以采用的习惯方式,包括铅字、标点、拼写、字体及排版
Aformofaddress;atitle.
称呼,头衔
Animplementusedforetchingorengraving.
雕刻刀,刀笔
Aslender,pointedwritinginstrumentusedbytheancientsonwaxtablets.
尖笔:古代人用来在蜡板上写字的尖利细长的书写工具
Theneedleofaphonograph.
留声机的唱针
Thegnomonofasundial.
日晷仪的指针
BotanyTheusuallyslenderpartofapistil,situatedbetweentheovaryandthestigma.
【植物学】花柱:位于子房及柱头之间的,雌蕊之通常较细的部分
ZoologyAslender,tubular,orbristlelikeprocess:
【动物学】尾片:纤细管状的,或硬毛般的突起:
acartilaginousstyle.
软骨质突起
MedicineAsurgicalprobinginstrument;astylet.
【医学】通管针:一种外科用探针
ObsoleteApen.
【废语】钢笔
v.tr.(及物动词)
styled,styl.ing,styles
Tocallorname;designate:
称呼:称为,叫做;指称:
GeorgeVIstyledhisbrotherDukeofWindsor.
乔治六世称他哥哥为温莎公爵
Tomakeconsistentwithrulesofstyle:
整理:使按一定格式连贯:
styleamanuscript.
整理手稿
Togivestyleto:
照流行式样制成…:
stylehair.
整梳发型
MiddleEnglish
中古英语
fromOldFrench
源自古法语
fromLatinstylus,stilus[spike,pointedinstrumentusedforwriting,style]*seestylus
源自拉丁语stylus,stilus[长钉尖利的书写工具]*参见stylus
styl“er
n.(名词)
styl“ing
n.(名词)
style
[stail]
n.
风格,作风,体裁,式样
文体;说话态度[语调]
模样;风采;品格
称呼,称号
历法
铁笔;铅笔;雕刻刀;唱针
时髦(式样);生活方式
【植】花柱;【动】尾片;节芒,尾须;产卵器
ademocraticstyle
民主作风
theepicstyle
史诗体
theOldS-(=JulianCalendar)
西洋旧历
theNewS-(=GregorianCalendar)
新历(即现在通用的阳历)
style
[stail]
vt.
称呼,命名,设计(时新样式)
stylebook
[`staIlbJk]
n.
样本;式样书
styleless
adj.
stylelike
adj.
styler
n.
stylewise
adv.
[俚]就时式而言
style
[stail]
adj.
精于时式的
comeintostyle
变得时髦;流行起来
crampsb.'sstyle
使某人觉得不自由,妨碍某人
highstyle
(女人服装的)时髦式样,新款式
instyle
别具风格地,时髦地;很成功地
inthestyleof
仿...式
like[asif]it'sgoingoutofstyle[fashion]
[口](象过时的东西一样)不值钱;毫不爱惜
liveinstyle
过豪华生活
outofstyle
不时髦的,不时新的
putonstyle
摆架子,妄自尊大
setthestyle
(合唱前的)示音;起示范作用
That'sthestyle.
[口](表示赞同)这正对路;正是如此。
Thestyleistheman.
[谚]文如其人。
the[that]styleofthing
那样的事,说法,做法,事件
all-outattackingstyle
全攻型
analstyle
尾针(同翅目)
archstyle
拱式
architecturalstyle
建筑风格
artisticstyle
艺术风格
aviatorstyle
航空式短茄克衫
basilarstyle
基生花柱
butterflystyle
蝴蝶式(守门员的分腿站立姿势)
calligraphicstyle
书法风格;类似流畅的书法的绘画风格
caudalstyle
尾杆
characterstyle
字体
classicstyle
古典派风格
cognitivestyle
认知方式,认知格调
colloquialstyle
会话体,口语风格
curvilinearstyle
曲线式
decoratedstyle
装饰风格
Europeanstyle
欧洲式(低蹲,步幅大,很少摆臂)
familiarstyle
简体,非正式文体
formalstyle
正式文体
genitalstyle
外生殖突
give-and-gostyle
“传、切”打法(带球队员短传出球后切入篮下)
individualstyle
个人风格
informalstyle
非正式文体
internationalstyle
国际式
landscapestyle
风景式,园林式
lateralstyle
侧生花柱
learningstyle
学习风格[方式]
lifestyle
生活方式
openstyle
开放式仓储,开敞式
painterlystyle
油画感;油画般的风格
pipingstyle
管式仓储
pointedstyle
哥特式建筑风格(以尖顶拱门为特色)
programmingstyle
程序设计式样[格式]
structuralstyle
结构形式
teacherstyle
教师风度[格]
terminalstyle
顶生花柱
threecolor-glazeTangstyle
唐三彩
transactionalstyle
教师影响学生的作用,教师风格
up-to-datestyle
现代式
yachtingstyle
新艺术运动风格
styleofbinding
装订型式
styleofcutting
采伐方式
styleofpronunciation
发音的方式
styleofwriting
文风
见fashion
style
style
AHD:[stºl]
D.J.[sta!l]
K.K.[sta!l]
n.
Thewayinwhichsomethingissaid,done,expressed,orperformed:
astyleofspeechandwriting.
Thecombinationofdistinctivefeaturesofliteraryorartisticexpression,execution,orperformancecharacterizingaparticularperson,group,school,orera.
Sort;type:
astyleoffurniture.
Aqualityofimaginationandindividualityexpressedinone'sactionsandtastes:
doesthingswithstyle.
Acomfortableandelegantmodeofexistence:
livinginstyle.
Amodeofliving:
thestyleoftheveryrich.
Thefashionofthemoment,especiallyofdress;vogue.
Aparticularfashion:
thestyleofthe1920's.SeeSynonymsatfashion
Acustomarymannerofpresentingprintedmaterial,includingusage,punctuation,spelling,typography,andarrangement.
Aformofaddress;atitle.
Animplementusedforetchingorengraving.
Aslender,pointedwritinginstrumentusedbytheancientsonwaxtablets.
Theneedleofaphonograph.
Thegnomonofasundial.
BotanyTheusuallyslenderpartofapistil,situatedbetweentheovaryandthestigma.
ZoologyAslender,tubular,orbristlelikeprocess:
acartilaginousstyle.
MedicineAsurgicalprobinginstrument;astylet.
ObsoleteApen.
v.tr.
styled,styl.ing,styles
Tocallorname;designate:
GeorgeVIstyledhisbrotherDukeofWindsor.
Tomakeconsistentwithrulesofstyle:
styleamanuscript.
Togivestyleto:
stylehair.
MiddleEnglish
fromOldFrench
fromLatinstylus,stilus[spike,pointedinstrumentusedforwriting,style]*seestylus
styl“er
n.
styl“ing
n.
style
来自拉丁语stilus;希腊语stylos
fashion
[5fAFEn]
n.
样子,方式,流行,风尚,时样
vt.
形成,造,作,把...塑造成,使适应,使适合,改革,改变
fashion
fash.ion
AHD:[f²sh“…n]
D.J.[6f#.*n]
K.K.[6f#.*n]
n.(名词)
Theprevailingstyleorcustom,asindressorbehavior:
风格,时尚:衣着或举止方面流行的式样或习俗:
outoffashion.
过时
Something,suchasagarment,thatisinthecurrentmode:
时髦:一些流行式样的东西,如衣服:
Herdressisthelatestfashion.
她的晚礼服是最新式样
Thestylecharacteristicofthesocialelite:
上流社会:具有社会精华特点的方式:
amanoffashion.
上流社会的人
Mannerormode;way:
方式;方法:
Setthetableinthisfashion.
将桌子这样放
Apersonal,oftenidiosyncraticmanner:
个人方式:一种个人的,通常是个人癖好的方式:
playedtheviolininhisowncuriousfashion.
以他独有的奇特方式演奏小提琴
Kindorvariety;sort:
种类或类别;样子:
peopleofallfashions.
各式各样的人
Shapeorform;configuration.
形状或构成;结构
v.tr.(及物动词)
fash.ioned,fash.ion.ing,fash.ions
Togiveshapeorformto;make:
形成或构成;制造:
fashionedatablefromaredwoodburl.
将红木树瘤制成桌子
Totrainorinfluenceintoaparticularstateorcharacter.
塑造:通过训练、影响使形成特定的状态或性格
Toadapt,astoapurposeoranoccasion;accommodate.
使适应:因某种目的或机会而适应;使适应
ObsoleteTocontrive.
【废语】图谋
afterafashion或
inafashion
Insomewayorother,especiallytoalimitedextent:
勉强,马马虎虎:多少有一点儿,特指在某种受限制的范围内:
Shesingsafterafashion.
她勉强会唱一点
MiddleEnglishfacioun
中古英语facioun
fromOldFrenchfaçon[appearance,manner]
源自古法语façon[外貌,方式]
fromLatinfacti½}facti½n-[amaking]
源自拉丁语facti½}facti½n-[一个成因]
fromfactus[pastparticipleof]facere[tomake,do]*seedh¶-
源自factus[]facere的过去分词[成为,做]*参见dh¶-
fash“ioner
n.(名词)
fashion,style,mode,vogue
Thesenounsrefertoaprevailingorpreferredmannerofdress,adornment,behavior,orwayoflifeatagiventime.
这些名词指衣服、装饰、行为或生活方式在特定时间里流行或为众人喜爱的方式。
Fashion,thebroadestterm,usuallyreferstowhataccordswithconventionsadoptedbypolitesocietyorsetbythoseintheforefrontoftheartisticorintellectualsphere:
Fashion用法最广,通常指那些与礼仪社会所采用的惯例或由艺术或知识领域的先锋所建立的相合的东西:
wearsclothesintheheightoffashion;
穿着新潮时装;
atimewhenpopartwasverymuchinfashion.
一个流行音乐成为时尚的年代。
Styleissometimesusedinterchangeablywithfashion(
Style有时与fashion交替使用(
agownthatisoutofstyle),butstyle,likemode,oftenstressesadherencetostandardsofelegance:
一件过时的衣服),但是style象mode一样通常强调坚持风雅的水准:
Thecoupletravelsinstyle.
这对夫妻符合时尚地旅游。
Miniskirtswerethemodeinthelatesixties.
迷你裙是六十年代后期的时尚。
Vogueisappliedtofashionthatprevailswidely(
Vogue指流行很广的方式(
thevoluptuousfigureinvogueatthetimeofRubens);thetermoftensuggestsenthusiasticbutshort-livedacceptance(
鲁本斯时代时髦的肉感身材);这个词通常暗含有狂热但为时很短的接受(
agamethatenjoyedavogueinitsday).SeealsoSynonymsatmethod
一种流行于它的时代的游戏)参见同义词method
fashion
[5fAFEn]
n.
样子;方式;型式;风格
流行式样;时髦,时兴;风尚,风气
[thefashion]风行一时的事物;红人,名流(尤指以服装特殊或行为特殊而驰名)
(资本主义社会中的)上流社会
[古]种类
actaftersb.'sfashion
照某人的样子去做
thelatestfashions
(服装等的)最新式样
theworldoffashion
社交界
amanoffashion
有名人物
behaveinastrangefashion
举动奇怪
Itisnotthefashionto(do)...
现在不时兴了。
fashion
[5fAFEn]
vt.
形成;铸成;制作;把...塑造成(into,to)
使适合,使适应(to)
改变,改革
fashiontheclayintobricks
把泥土制成砖头
fashionsb.intoafinesportsman
把某人培养成优秀运动员
fashion-part
n.
定型部件
fashioned
adj.
...式的
fashionist
n.
时装的制作者、倡导者或追求者
afterafashion
勉强;马马虎虎;多少还...一点
inafashion
勉强;马马虎虎;多少还...一点
afterone'sfashion
按照自己的意思
afterthefashion
时髦的,流行的
afterthefashionof
模仿;照着...的样子
beallthefashion
(服装等)极时髦;风行一时
bein(the)fashion
合乎时尚,流行的
beoutof(the)fashion
(人、物)不合时尚;不流行
bringintofashion
使流行
comeintofashion
流行起来,开始风行
growintofashion
流行起来,开始风行
followthefashion
赶时髦
gooutoffashion
过时
intheoldfashion
照旧,照老样子
inthisfashion
照这样
setthefashion
开风气之先;创先例
leadthefashion
开风气之先;创先例
shipshapeandBristolfashion(=inBristolfashion)
整整齐齐,井井有条
fashionstyle
都含“时式”,“式样”的意思。
fashion系一般用语,指“一时或某一团体中流行的习尚”,如:
Thiskindofdressisnowinfashion.
这种衣服现在很时髦。
style常用来代替fashion,但主要指“高雅”,如:
Thatdressissuchagoodstyleitwillbefashionableforyears.
这衣服的样式如此雅致,一定会流行好几年。
fashion
fash.ion
AHD:[f²sh“…n]
D.J.[6f#.*n]
K.K.[6f#.*n]
n.
Theprevailingstyleorcustom,asindressorbehavior:
outoffashion.
Something,suchasagarment,thatisinthecurrentmode:
Herdressisthelatestfashion.
Thestylecharacteristicofthesocialelite:
amanoffashion.
Mannerormode;way:
Setthetableinthisfashion.
Apersonal,oftenidiosyncraticmanner:
playedtheviolininhisowncuriousfashion.
Kindorvariety;sort:
peopleofallfashions.
Shapeorform;configuration.
v.tr.
fash.ioned,fash.ion.ing,fash.ions
Togiveshapeorformto;make:
fashionedatablefromaredwoodburl.
Totrainorinfluenceintoaparticularstateorcharacter.
Toadapt,astoapurposeoranoccasion;accommodate.
ObsoleteTocontrive.
afterafashionor
inafashion
Insomewayorother,especiallytoalimitedextent:
Shesingsafterafashion.
MiddleEnglishfacioun
fromOldFrenchfaçon[appearance,manner]
fromLatinfacti½}facti½n-[amaking]
fromfactus[pastparticipleof]facere[tomake,do]*seedh¶-
fash“ioner
n.
fashion,style,mode,vogue
Thesenounsrefertoaprevailingorpreferredmannerofdress,adornment,behavior,orwayoflifeatagiventime.
Fashion,thebroadestterm,usuallyreferstowhataccordswithconventionsadoptedbypolitesocietyorsetbythoseintheforefrontoftheartisticorintellectualsphere:
wearsclothesintheheightoffashion;
atimewhenpopartwasverymuchinfashion.
Styleissometimesusedinterchangeablywithfashion(
agownthatisoutofstyle),butstyle,likemode,oftenstressesadherencetostandardsofelegance:
Thecoupletravelsinstyle.
Miniskirtswerethemodeinthelatesixties.
Vogueisappliedtofashionthatprevailswidely(
thevoluptuousfigureinvogueatthetimeofRubens);thetermoftensuggestsenthusiasticbutshort-livedacceptance(
agamethatenjoyedavogueinitsday).SeealsoSynonymsatmethod
fashion
源自拉丁语factio fashion
createcustomformmakemodemoldshapestylevogue
abstract,英文单词,形容词、名词、动词,作形容词时意思为“纯理论的;抽象的;抽象派的”,作名词意思为“摘要;抽象;抽象的概念;抽象派艺术作品”,作动词时意思为“摘要;提取;抽象化;退出;转移;使心不在焉”。
abstract释义以及用法如下:
1、ADJ-GRADED抽象的;纯概念的
Itishardtothinkabstractlyintheseconditions.
在这样的情况下进行抽象思维很困难。
2、PHRASE大体上;理论上;抽象地
Moneywasacommoditysheneverthoughtaboutexceptintheabstract.
钱对她来说就是个抽象的东西,她从不去想钱。
3、ADJ(名词)抽象的,表示抽象概念的
abstractwordssuchasglory,honor,andcourage.
抽象名词,如光荣、荣耀和勇气
4、ADJ-GRADED(艺术)抽象(派)的
amodernabstractpainting.
一幅现代派抽象画
5、N-COUNT抽象派艺术作品
Anabstractisanabstractworkofart.
6、N-COUNT摘要;梗概
Anabstractofanarticle,document,orspeechisashortpieceofwritingthatgivesthemainpointsofit.
7、VERB提取;抽取;摘取
alicencetoabstractwaterfromtheRiverAxe
从阿克斯河中抽水的许可证
abstract发音:英[??bstr?kt,?b?str?kt]美[??bstr?kt,?b?str?kt
abstract第三人称单数:abstracts;复数:abstracts;现在分词:abstracting;过去式:abstracted;过去分词:abstracted
abstract短语搭配:
abstractsystem[自]抽象系统;抽象体系;翻译
abstractthinking抽象思维;抽象思考;性思考
abstractpainting抽象画;抽象绘画;抽象油画;抽象画酒店装饰画
abstractgood抽象产品
EnglishAbstract英文摘要;英文文摘;英语摘要;中文摘要
abstractspace抽象空间;抽象的空间;详细
扩展资料:
同义词辨析:abstractconceptualtheoretical导航词义:抽象的
1、abstractadj.抽象的,纯理论的
〔辨析〕强调抽象性。
〔例证〕
Abstractideassometimescannotmatchfacts.
抽象概念有时会与事实不符。
2、conceptualadj.[正式]概念(上)的,观念(上)的
〔辨析〕强调概念性的。
〔例证〕
Thisconceptualtheorycomesfrompracticalexperience.
这一概念性理论源于实践经验。
3、theoreticaladj.理论的;理论上的
〔辨析〕强调基于理论而非实践经验的。
〔例证〕
Hebelievesonlytheoreticalsciencecancreatemiracles.
他认为唯有理论科学才能创造奇迹。
HieronymusBosch
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Jumpto:navigation,search
FortheliterarycharactercreatedbyMichaelConnelly,seeHarryBosch.
FortheNewZealandband,seeHieronymusBosch(band).
HieronymusBosch
HieronymusBosch;allegedself-portrait(around1516)[1]
BirthnameJheronimusvanAken
Born2October,1453
Died9August,1516
's-Hertogenbosch,TheNetherlands
FieldPainting,drawing
MovementRenaissance
WorksTheGardenofEarthlyDelights
TheTemptationofSt.Anthony
TheShipofFools
InfluencedPieterBruegheltheElder
Surrealism
JoanMiró
HieronymusBosch(Englishpronunciation:/?ha???r?n?m?sb??/,Dutch:[?ie???o?nim?s?b?s];bornJeroenAnthoniszoonvanAken[j??runɑn?to?n?so?nvɑn?a?k?(n)];c.2October1453–August9,1516)wasanEarlyNetherlandishpainterofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Theartist'sworkiswell-knownfortheuseoffantasticimagerytoillustratemoralandreligiousconceptsandnarratives.[2]
Contents[hide]
1Life
2Art
3Interpretation
4Debatesonattribution
5Works
6Notes
7References
8Externallinks
[edit]Life
HieronymusBoschwasbornHieronymus(orJeroen)vanAken(meaning"fromAachen").HesignedanumberofhispaintingsasBosch(pronouncedBossinDutch).Thenamederivesfromhisbirthplace,'s-Hertogenbosch,whichiscommonlycalled"DenBosch".
LittleisknownofBosch’slifeortraining.Heleftbehindnolettersordiaries,andwhathasbeenidentifiedhasbeentakenfrombriefreferencestohiminthemunicipalrecordsof's-Hertogenbosch,andintheaccountbooksofthelocalorderoftheBrotherhoodofOurLady.Nothingisknownofhispersonalityorhisthoughtsonthemeaningofhisart.Bosch’sdateofbirthhasnotbeendeterminedwithcertainty.Itisestimatedatc.1450onthebasisofahanddrawnportrait(whichmaybeaself-portrait)madeshortlybeforehisdeathin1516.Thedrawingshowstheartistatanadvancedage,probablyinhislatesixties.[1]
DetailfromTheTemptationofSt.AnthonyBoschwasbornandlivedallhislifeinandnear‘s-Hertogenbosch,thecapitaloftheDutchprovinceofBrabant.Hisgrandfather,JanvanAken(died1454),wasapainterandisfirstmentionedintherecordsin1430.ItisknownthatJanhadfivesons,fourofwhomwerealsopainters.Bosch’sfather,AnthoniusvanAken(diedc.1478)actedasartisticadvisertotheBrotherhoodofOurLady.[3]ItisgenerallyassumedthateitherBosch’sfatheroroneofhisunclestaughttheartisttopaint,howevernoneoftheirworkssurvive.[4]Boschfirstappearsinthemunicipalrecordin1474,whenheisnamedalongwithtwobrothersandasister.
's-HertogenboschwasaflourishingcityinfifteenthcenturyBrabant,inthesouthofthepresent-dayNetherlands.In1463,4,000housesinthetownweredestroyedbyacatastrophicfire,whichthethen(approximately)13-year-oldBoschmayhavewitnessed.Hebecameapopularpainterinhislifetimeandoftenreceivedcommissionsfromabroad.In1488hejoinedthehighlyrespectedBrotherhoodofOurLady,anarch-conservativereligiousgroupofsome40influentialcitizensof's-Hertogenbosch,and7,000'outer-members'fromaroundEurope.
Sometimebetween1479and1481,BoschmarriedAleytGoyaertsvandenMeerveen,whowasafewyearsolderthantheartist.ThecouplemovedtothenearbytownofOirschot,wherehiswifehadinheritedahouseandland,fromherwealthyfamily.[5]
AnentryintheaccountsoftheBrotherhoodofOurLadyrecordsBosch’sdeathin1516.AfuneralmassservedinhismemorywasheldinthechurchofSaintJohnon9Augustofthatyear.[6]
[edit]Art
TheGardenofEarthlyDelightsisBosch'smostwidelyknowntriptychBoschproducedseveraltriptychs.AmonghismostfamousisTheGardenofEarthlyDelights.ThispaintingdepictsparadisewithAdamandEveandmanywondrousanimalsontheleftpanel,theearthlydelightswithnumerousnudefiguresandtremendousfruitandbirdsonthemiddlepanel,andhellwithdepictionsoffantasticpunishmentsofthevarioustypesofsinnersontherightpanel.Whentheexteriorpanelsareclosedtheviewercansee,paintedingrisaille,GodcreatingtheEarth.Thesepaintingshavearoughsurfacefromtheapplicationofpaint;thiscontrastswiththetraditionalFlemishstyleofpaintings,wherethesmoothsurfaceattemptstohidethefactthatthepaintingisman-made.
Boschneverdatedhispaintingsandmayhavesignedonlysomeofthem(othersignaturesarecertainlynothis).Fewerthan25paintingsremaintodaythatcanbeattributedtohim.PhilipIIofSpainacquiredmanyofBosch'spaintingsafterthepainter'sdeath;asaresult,thePradoMuseuminMadridnowownsseveralofhisworks,includingTheGardenofEarthlyDelights.
[edit]Interpretation
InearliercenturiesitwasoftenbelievedthatBosch’sartwasinspiredbymedievalheresiesandobscurehermeticpractices.Othersthoughtthathisworkwascreatedmerelytotitillateandamuse,muchlikethe"grotteschi"oftheItalianRenaissance.Whiletheartoftheoldermasterswasbasedinthephysicalworldofeverydayexperience,Boschconfrontshisviewerwith,inthewordsofthearthistorianWalterGibson,"aworldofdreams[and]nightmaresinwhichformsseemtoflickerandchangebeforeoureyes."InthefirstknownaccountofBosch’spaintings,in1560theSpaniardFelipedeGuevarawrotethatBoschwasregardedmerelyas"theinventorofmonstersandchimeras".Intheearlyseventeenthcentury,theDutcharthistorianKarelvanManderdescribedBosch’sworkascomprising"wondrousandstrangefantasies";however,heconcludedthatthepaintingsare"oftenlesspleasantthangruesometolookat."[7]
Inthetwentiethcentury,scholarshavecometoviewBosch’svisionaslessfantastic,andacceptedthathisartreflectstheorthodoxreligiousbeliefsystemsofhisage.Hisdepictionsofsinfulhumanity,hisconceptionsofHeavenandHellarenowseenasconsistentwiththoseoflatemedievaldidacticliteratureandsermons.Mostwritersattachamoreprofoundsignificancetohispaintingsthanhadpreviouslybeensupposed,andattempttointerpretitintermsofalatemedievalmorality.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatBosch’sartwascreatedtoteachspecificmoralandspiritualtruthsinthemannerofotherNorthernRenaissancefigures,suchasthepoetRobertHenryson,andthattheimagesrenderedhavepreciseandpremeditatedsignificance.AccordingtoDirkBax,Bosch’spaintingsoftenrepresentvisualtranslationsofverbalmetaphorsandpunsdrawnfrombothbiblicalandfolkloricsources.[8]
However,somewritersseeBoschasaproto-typemedievalsurrealist,andparallelsareoftenmadewiththetwentiethcenturySpanishartistSalvadorDali.OtherwritersattempttointerprethisimageryusingthelanguageofFreudianpsychology.Howeversuchthesesarecommonlyrejected;accordingtoGibson,"whatwechoosetocallthelibidowasdenouncedbythemedievalchurchasoriginalsin;whatweseeastheexpressionofthesubconsciousmindwasfortheMiddleAgesthepromptingsofGodortheDevil."[9]
TheartistSusanDorotheaWhitehasproducedcontemporaryinterpretationsofBosch'scompositions-TheCrowningwithSexismcombinesiconographicimagesofMarilynMonroeandJoeDiMaggio,andTheSevenDeadlySinsofModernTimesandTheSevenDeadlyIsms,bothoncirculartables,depictcontemporarysinsandobsessions.
[edit]Debatesonattribution
TheexactnumberofBosch'ssurvivingworkshasbeenasubjectofconsiderabledebate.Hesignedonlysevenofhispaintings,andthereisuncertaintywhetherallthepaintingsonceascribedtohimwereactuallyfromhishand.Itisknownthatfromtheearlysixteenthcenturyonwardsnumerouscopiesandvariationsofhispaintingsbegantocirculate.Inaddition,hisstylewashighlyinfluential,andwaswidelyimitatedbyhisnumerousfollowers.[10]
Overtheyears,scholarshaveattributedtohimfewerandfeweroftheworksoncethoughttobehis,andtodayonly25aredefinitivelyascribedtohim.
[edit]Works
Mainarticle:WorksofHieronymusBosch
[edit]Notes
^abGibson,15-16
^CatherineB.Scallen,TheArtoftheNorthernRenaissance(Chantilly:TheTeachingCompany,2007)Lecture26
^Gibson,15,17
^Gibson,19
^Valery,Paul."ThePhaseofDoubt,ACriticalReflection".
^Gibson,18
^Gibson,9
^Bax,1949.
^Gibson,12
^Gibson,163
[edit]References
Bax,Dirk.(1949),“OntcijferingvanJeroenBosch”.DenHaag.
Gibson,WalterS(1973).“HieronymusBosch”.NewYork:ThamesandHudson.ISBN0-5002-O134-X
Koldeweij,Jos&BernardVermet&BarberavanKooij:HieronymusBosch.NewInsightsIntoHisLifeandWork,NAiPublishers,Rotterdam2001.ISBN9-0566-2214-5
中文:
希罗尼穆斯·波希
传为希罗尼穆斯·波希的自画像(大约于1560年)
本名JeroenvanAken
出生1450
逝世1516
国籍荷兰
希罗尼穆斯·波希(HieronymusBosch,其真名为JeroenvanAken,另名JeroenBosch;西元1450年-西元1516年八月)是一位十五至十六世纪的多产荷兰画家。他多数的画作多在描绘罪恶与人类道德的沉沦。波希以恶魔、半人半兽甚至是机械的形象来表现人的邪恶。他的图画复杂,有高度的原创性、想像力,并大量使用各式的象征与符号,其中有些甚至在他的时代中也非常晦涩难解。波希被认为是20世纪的超现实主义的启发者之一。
他的真名是Jheronimus(或Jeroen)vanAken,意思是“亚琛来的人”。他在一部份画作上署名Bosch(荷兰文,音近英文Boss),取自他的出生地斯海尔托亨博斯。在西班牙文中他则多被称为ElBosco。
波希出生于绘画世家,他的双亲分别是荷兰与德国人。他大部分的人生都在斯海尔托亨博斯渡过,这是十五世纪当时布拉班特(今荷兰南部)一个热闹的城市。1463年时,约13岁的他可能曾目睹在当地发生的严重火灾。不久之后他成为知名的画家,甚至曾接到海外的委托。1488年他加入了“OurLady”兄弟会,一个极端保守的信仰组织,由40位斯海尔托亨博斯当地有权势的市民,以及欧洲各地7000多名的会员组成。
目录[隐藏]
1风格
2作品列表
2.1已完成的三连画(Triptych)
2.2未完成的三连画
2.3油彩画
2.4素描
3琐事
4大众文化
5参考资料
6外部链接
[编辑]风格
《地狱》,乐园的右幅。波希制作了多幅三连画(triptych)——绘在三片接合起来的木质屏风上的画作,其中最有名的是《乐园》(TheGardenofEarthlyDelights,亦作《尘世乐园》[1])。这件三连画的左幅,描绘了乐园中的亚当与夏娃与众多奇妙的生物;中幅以大量裸身的人体、巨大的水果和鸟类描写人间的乐园;右幅则是地狱的情境,充斥着大量造型奇幻的狱卒,以怪异的酷刑逞罚各式罪人。三件画作合起时,观赏者可见上帝创造地球的灰色装饰画。
这些画作有一层较粗糙的颜料表层,与传统法兰德斯(Flemish)风格,以平滑的表面修饰人为的不自然的手法大异其趣。
到了晚年时,波希的风格已有所转变,改以描绘大型、接近观赏者的人物为表现方式。代表作是带刺冠的基督(ChristCrownedwithThorns)。
波希从未在画作上注明日期,也仅在部分作品上签名(某些签名则被认为并非本人);总括来说,目前确认出自波希之手的画作,仅有25幅。西班牙国王腓力二世在他死后收藏了他的大部分作品,因此目前西班牙马德里的普拉多美术馆(PradoMuseum)有最丰富的波希作品收藏,包括“乐园”。
稍晚期的法兰德斯画家布勒哲尔受波希影响,其作品风格与波希相当近似,如1562年之死亡的胜利(TheTriumphofDeath)。
[编辑]作品列表
波希的各式画作可能有不同的译名。在此采用英文名称;连结将连入英文维基百科。
[编辑]已完成的三连画(Triptych)
Haywain(1500–1515)
TheGardenofEarthlyDelights(乐园,1466年)
TheTemptationofSt.Anthony(圣安东尼的诱惑)
TheLastJudgement(最后的审判,1482年)
TheEpiphany(TheAdorationoftheMagi)(东方三贤者的朝拜,1510年)
TheCrucifixionofStJulia
[编辑]未完成的三连画
ChristCarryingtheCross(Madrid版本)
ChristCarryingtheCross(1515-1516)
TheLastJudgement(1506-08)
记注为1494年后;曾为三连画但现今其他部分已佚失:
TheShipofFools
AllegoryofGluttonyandLust
DeathoftheMiser
[编辑]油彩画
AdorationoftheChild
ChristCarryingtheCross(1480s)
ChristCrownedwithThorns(1495-1500)
ChristCrownedwithThorns(ElEscorial版本)
CrucifixionWithaDonor(1483后)
DeathoftheReprobate
EcceHomo(1476后)
EcceHomo(1490s)
St.JeromeatPrayer(c.1505)
St.ChristopherCarryingtheChristChild(1490–1500)
St.JohntheBaptistintheWilderness(1495后)
St.JohntheEvangelistonPatmos(1490后)
TheConjurer(1500s)
TheExtractionoftheStoneofMadness(TheCureofFolly)(1500后)
TheMarriageFeastatCana(1500)
TheSevenDeadlySinsandtheFourLastThings(1500–1510)
TheWayfarer
收藏于威尼斯公爵府的四张系列木板画;1490之后
AscentoftheBlessed
TerrestrialParadise
FalloftheDamned
Hell
[编辑]素描
AnimalStudies
BeehiveandWitches
Beggars
BeggarsandCripples
ChristCarryingTheCross
DeathoftheMiser
GroupofMaleFigures
MaryandJohnattheFootoftheCross
NestofOwls
PortraitofHieronymusBosch
ScenesinHell
Studies
StudiesofMonsters
TemptationofStAnthony
TheEntombment
TheHearingForestandtheSeeingField
TheShipofFools
TheShipofFoolsinFlames
Tree-Man
TwoCaricaturedHeads
TwoMonsters
TwoWitches
Witches
[编辑]琐事
波希在2004年选出的“最伟大的荷兰人(DeGrootsteNederlander)”中列居第63位。[2]
[编辑]大众文化
在作家麦可?康纳利的小说中,主角之名HieronymusHarryBosch即是以波希为灵感。此外,在康纳利2001年的作品“ADarknessMoreThanNight”情节中,波希的画作有重要的份量。
童书绘本“Pish,Posh,SaidHieronymusBosch”中,波希画作中的各种生物,在一位画家与他的女友家里变成活生生的生命。
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abstract用法
Hieronymus Bosch的详细资料